Through the Conference of European Rabbis, which he founded and led, Brodie took a significant part in rebuilding the religious life of European Jewry after the Holocaust. Brodie undertook a number of pastoral tours throughout the Commonwealth, and strengthened the community in a quiet but significant manner, although the closing years of his tenure were overshadowed by religious dispute.
On his retirement, he was knighted "for services to British Jewry"; the first Chief Rabbi to be so honoured. The new realities of the community were reflected in the choice of Hermann Adler's successor.
J H Hertz, educated in America, had served for some years in Johannesburg whence he had been deported by the Boers for being pro-English. The First World War broke out soon after his appointment, and its problems and opportunities dominated the early years of his tenure.
His thundering and courageous support for the Zionist movement led to a decisive intervention in May during the negotiations leading to the Balfour Declaration, while concern for the pastoral well-being of Jewish troops caused Hertz to write "A Book of Jewish Thoughts", the first of his major literary works.
The prestige that accrued both to Hertz and his office was immeasurable, and in due course he was made a Companion of Honour. Hertz' most lasting monuments are his English commentaries on the Pentateuch and Prayer Book, conveying Jewish traditional interpretations in a way accessible to all; they remain his major contribution to Jewish scholarship and his best known works. He was quite a dominating figure both in public and in private; it was famously said of him by one of his ministers and in his presence that he never neglected the peaceful solution to any problem when all other means had failed!
Described as a "Patrician English Gentleman", Hermann Adler began in to preside over a community that revelled in its Englishness and the social gains that it had brought. The United Synagogue under his leadership developed a distinctively English style of Orthodoxy, broad and tolerant while maintaining Jewish observance in its fullest details; Theodor Herzl described a dinner at the Adler's as being "everything English, with the old Jewish customs peeping through".
The great immigration from Eastern Europe that began in , brought to Britain large numbers of Jews who in almost every way were different to the existing community, and at first shared little of their attitudes and aspirations. Adler led the existing community in making provision for the immigrants and in acclimatising them to English life. At the same time, Adler's description of the emerging Zionist movement as "an egregious blunder" served to point up the differences between the established and acculturated community and the aspirations of the immigrants, and his influence and authority over the ultra-Orthodox sections of the community was tenuous at times.
The Chief Rabbinate of Solomon Hirschell had seen major changes in the community. Jews were beginning to integrate into English society, taking their place among other areas in municipal academic and legal spheres. It was felt that the new Chief Rabbi should be a University graduate as well as rabbinically trained. The conference making the appointment included representatives of 19 Provincial communities as well as the five existing Ashkenazi communities in London, and after an election Rabbi Dr Nathan Marcus Adler of Hanover was appointed.
Nathan Marcus Adler soon underlined the authority of his office by issuing a booklet of Laws and regulations "for all the Ashkenazi Synagogues in the British Empire". He was the first Chief Rabbi to undertake regular pastoral tours within the United Kingdom. This union, still the largest religious grouping within the British Jewish community, and taking its religious authority from the Chief Rabbi, would not have come into being without the prestige and encouragement that Adler lent to the proposal.
Adler's health deteriorated in , and his son Hermann Marcus Adler was appointed delegate Chief Rabbi to carry out the duties of the office. Ben-Sasson, Hagut ve-Hanhagah , index S. Rav and Rabbanim Rashiyyim ; idem ed. Rav ; C. Roth, in: Essays… J. Hertz… , — Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library. Category » Judaism. Holy Scriptures. Table of Contents. Torah - The Written Law. Reading the Torah. How to Study Torah. The Oral Law. The Talmud. Are Jews a Nation or Religion?
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