View of the World Trade Center under construction, with a sign announcing the completion schedule, circa Because the ground in lower Manhattan was largely landfill, engineers would have to dig down 70 feet to reach bedrock. Excavating machines dug a three-foot-wide trench down to the bedrock, and as dirt and rock were removed, they were replaced by slurry: a mixture of water and bentonite, a type of clay that expands when wet to plug any hole along the side of the trench.
Workers then lowered a ton, seven-story-high steel cage into the trench and filled it with concrete by using a long pipe. As the concrete flowed in, it displaced the bentonite slurry. By making more than of these slurry trench segments, workers enclosed an area two blocks wide and four blocks long. All in all, one million cubic yards of landfill had to be removed. At the end of construction, these cranes had to be disassembled and brought down by elevator.
When the towers were finished, each one would have 97 passenger elevators, capable of carrying loads of up to 10, pounds at speeds of up to 1, feet per minute.
In all, the towers were assembled from more than , pieces of steel manufactured around the country, 3, miles of electrical wiring, , cubic yards of concrete, 40, doors, 43, windows and six acres of marble.
Construction went on until April , when the five-acre outdoor plaza, dominated by a foot-tall bronze sculpture by Fritz Koenig, was completed. Today, we have. Still, the towers held an incomparable mystique.
They inspired incredible stunts, beginning in August , when Philippe Petit walked a high wire between the two towers. The Port Authority loved these stunts because they endeared the towers to the public and made them seem like giant toys.
They worked at turning the towers into an attraction, adding the Windows on the World restaurant, which opened on the th floor of the north tower in April and was an immediate hit.
Smaller importers-exporters were now being pushed out by rising rents, making way for major businesses. Six Islamic extremists were tried and convicted in connection with the plot. The towers reopened 20 days after the bombing with new security measures in place, including restrictions to parking lot access and electronic identification badges for building tenants.
In July , just two months before the terrorist attacks of September 11, the Port Authority agreed to lease the twin towers to Larry Silverstein, a New York City developer.
At the time, over 99 percent of the The first plane ripped a hole in the north tower from the 94th to the 98th floors, causing massive structural damage and igniting some 3, of the 10, gallons of jet fuel the plane was carrying. The second plane hit the south tower at an even faster speed, striking the corner and gashing the building from the 84th to the 78th floors.
As of Jan. Source : Emporis Buildings, Web: www. See also:. World's Tallest Buildings. Trending Here are the facts and trivia that people are buzzing about. Is Vatican City a Country? The taut glass wall is pulled apart at the floor levels, creating a tension in the building surface. The stainless-steel spandrels are modeled to catch reflected sunlight that is colored to match the tone of the sky. The surface of the building is a study in reflected color and light and calibrated to create the illusion of depth.
By day, 7 WTC is animated with light, evolving as weather conditions change. By night, it is artificially illuminated with programmed LED projection sequences. He also designed One WTC. Located at the heart of the new Downtown, 4 WTC offers direct access to virtually every city subway and some of the best new shops and restaurants in New York. Column-free corners and foot perimeter column spans enhance interior design options, increase the amount of natural light, and offer uninterrupted views from every window.
In , he assumed the post of assistant professor of architecture at Washington University in St. Louis, where he was awarded his first commission: the design of Steinberg Hall on the university's Danforth Campus.
He personally takes a leadership role in all commissions, from design inception through to completion — including construction supervision. With a structure that is exposed and visible — the design for 3 World Trade Center stands out at the center of the new WTC.
The defining aspect of 3 WTC is its load-sharing system of diamond-shaped bracing, which helps to articulate the building's east-west configuration. This allows unimpeded degree panoramic views of New York. The tower consists of a reinforced concrete core with steel structure outside the core, and clad in an external structural steel frame. The three-story high lobby provides visitors a "big picture window" of the Memorial park outside.
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