This changed between and when more anthracite began to be mined. Anthracite was used in iron smelting, and this cleaner and smokeless alternative became the preferred fuel in cities. However, limited anthracite resources could not fulfill increasing demand.
Production of sub-bituminous coal began to slowly rise; as of it was higher than bituminous coal production. Until the s coal was primary mined underground east of the Mississippi River. By the s, the development of cheaper surface mining proved a viable alternative for the coal industry. In the early s, oil and natural gas became the primary source of US energy. Coal consumption declined due to the increased supply of cheaper and cleaner natural gas, growth of renewable energy sources, and rigorous environmental regulations.
From 1, coal-powered plants in the US in , about remain as they are shut down due to aging and environmental guidelines. Data from: U. Coal in Indiana was discovered along the banks of the Wabash River in Also in Units and calculators explained Units and calculators Energy conversion calculators British thermal units Btu Degree days.
Also in U. Also in Use of energy explained Use of energy Energy use in industry Energy use for transportation Energy use in homes Energy use in commercial buildings Energy efficiency and conservation.
Also in Energy and the environment explained Energy and the environment Greenhouse gases Greenhouse gases and the climate Where greenhouse gases come from Outlook for future emissions Recycling and energy. Nonrenewable sources. Oil and petroleum products.
Diesel fuel. Heating oil. Also in Oil and petroleum products explained Oil and petroleum products Refining crude oil Where our oil comes from Imports and exports Offshore oil and gas Use of oil Prices and outlook Oil and the environment.
Also in Gasoline explained Gasoline Octane in depth Where our gasoline comes from Use of gasoline Prices and outlook Factors affecting gasoline prices Regional price differences Price fluctuations History of gasoline Gasoline and the environment. Also in Diesel fuel explained Diesel fuel Where our diesel comes from Use of diesel Prices and outlook Factors affecting diesel prices Diesel fuel surcharges Diesel and the environment.
Also in Heating oil explained Heating oil Where our heating oil comes from Use of heating oil Prices and outlook Factors affecting heating oil prices.
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids. Natural gas. Also in Hydrocarbon gas liquids explained Hydrocarbon gas liquids Where do hydrocarbon gas liquids come from? The rest of Indiana's net generation came from other gases, petroleum liquids, and other energy sources.
In , Indiana ranked 13th in the nation in total electricity retail sales but was sixth in the nation in electricity consumption by the industrial sector. The residential sector, where 3 in 10 households use electricity as their primary energy source for home heating, accounted for more than one-third of state use.
Southwestern Indiana has the state's best, although moderate, solar resources, but solar power facilities are found statewide. The rest is from small-scale less than 1 megawatt customer-sited installations like rooftop solar panels. Landfill gas fuels most of Indiana's biomass power plants, mostly located in the northern half of the state, but other biomass resources, including animal waste and municipal solid waste, also generate electricity.
Indiana's abundant corn and soybean crops provide the feedstock for biofuel production, and the state is among the nation's top producers of biofuels. Although Indiana's legislature created a voluntary clean energy portfolio standard in , as of , no Indiana utility had chosen to participate.
In return, the utility receives financial incentives. However, Indiana utilities are required to offer net metering for customer-sited renewable generating facilities with less than 1 megawatt of capacity.
A utility is allowed to limit net metering to 1. Indiana's proved crude oil reserves are modest and production was less than 1.
The field ceased production in the early 20th century, and the center of the state's crude oil production moved to the Illinois Basin in southwestern Indiana, where output peaked at almost 13 million barrels per year in The Whiting refinery, located in northwestern Indiana, is the largest inland crude oil refinery in the nation; only five Gulf Coast refineries have higher capacities.
That refinery processes Illinois Basin crude oil from southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and western Kentucky. Its refined products—motor gasoline, diesel fuel, and lubricants—are delivered to customers in Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, and Kentucky. The plant will process , tons of non-recycled plastic waste into 18 million gallons of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel and naphtha and 6 million gallons of wax each year. More than three-fourths of the petroleum consumed in Indiana is used in the transportation sector.
0コメント