Thomas Telford, another visionary engineer, stepped in to finish the job however and the tunnel was a success. Today, the Leeds-Liverpool canal cuts through the Pennines, but this time with the clever use of locks, embankments and cuts.
It was the first trans-pennine route to be started, but the last to be completed, taking 46 years to build and stretching for miles with 91 locks. This canal connected Yorkshire with the Irish Sea, its ports, and the rest of the world, becoming a vital link for industry. The series will be repeated on BBC Four later in the year.
Full broadcast details and watch again links can be found on bbc. Explore the effects of the Industrial Revolution an agrarian nation slowly became a mechanised one. Mike Fitzpatrick explains how first cast iron and then steel were developed, and the vital part these discoveries played in the industrial revolution. Dr Peter Lewis takes a look at the impact that the industrial revolution had on bridge building.
Alun C Davies explains how developments in timekeeping and the way people viewed time played an important part in making the industrial revolution possible. Take the next step - choose something from thousands of hours of free Open University course materials. Ever wanted to understand the key themes driving over five hundred years of European history?
In this album, architecture reveals the social, religious and economic fortunes of some of the most influential people between and By the end of the 19th century Queen Victoria presided over the vast British Empire.
She looked out from London, the heart of her empire, with its buildings echoing Imperial Rome. Architecture was also used in the medieval period to show devotion to God or simply to signal wealth and authority. This material is taken from The Open University course A Exploring history: medieval to modern - Thinking of studying with The Open University? Thousands of visitors to the OpenLearn website have gone on to study at the OU having experienced the quality of the free learning we offer on OpenLearn.
Find out more. This wide-ranging course will develop and deepen your knowledge of different periods of history from around to the late twentieth century. You'll tackle such exciting and challenging issues as power and warfare, culture and beliefs, health and medicine, imperialism, class and gender.
In doing so you'll learn the skills of the historian in studying historical materials; exploring how we understand, interpret and debate past events; and investigating a range of critical approaches. OU course. Firebrandphotography Dreamstime. We invite you to discuss this subject, but remember this is a public forum.
Please be polite, and avoid your passions turning into contempt for others. We may delete posts that are rude or aggressive, or edit posts containing contact details or links to other websites. If you enjoyed this, why not follow a feed to find out when we have new things like it? Choose an RSS feed from the list below. Don't know what to do with RSS feeds? Remember, you can also make your own, personal feed by combining tags from around OpenLearn. For further information, take a look at our frequently asked questions which may give you the support you need.
Sign up for our regular newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn.
Newsletter sign-up. OpenLearn works with other organisations by providing free courses and resources that support our mission of opening up educational opportunities to more people in more places.
All rights reserved. The Open University is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking. Skip to content Study with The Open University. Search for free courses, interactives, videos and more! Free Learning from The Open University. Featured content. Some successful canals were able to compete with railways, but many closed or were taken over. The decline in traditional industries occurred for a number of reasons following each of the World Wars, having a dramatic impact on the commercial use of canals.
After the nationalisation of canals in , it was difficult for the government to close the canals despite their declining condition. Luckily, canal enthusiasts across Britain began promoting the value of canals for leisure which had a strong impact on government attitudes. The British Waterways Board was set up in , and the Transport Act officially recognised the leisure value of canals and provided public funding. The Inland Waterways Association and other canal societies pushed through a host of restoration projects between the s and s including the Kennet and Avon, Peak Forest and Aston Canals — revitalising both the waterways and local communities.
This regeneration has continued, and the waterways are now a vibrant and beloved part of our landscape. The Canal and River Trust was formed in and control of the waterways was transferred to them from the government. The Trust look after all things waterways, and the Waterways Archive is fantastic if you want to learn more, as is our catalogue where you can see all the plans in this blog and many more. By submitting a comment you understand it may be published on this public website.
Please read our privacy notice to see how the GOV. UK blogging platform handles your information. The Parliamentary Archives provides access to the archives of the House of Lords, the House of Commons and to other records relating to Parliament. We also provide a records management service for both Houses of Parliament. The Parliamentary Archives holds several million historical records relating to Parliament, dating from South Asian Heritage Month: A tale of two maps.
Basically, to have a working economy, goods had to be moved from the place of production to the place of need, and vice versa. When travel was based on horses, no matter how good the road, there were limits on products, in terms of fragility or freshness or quantity.
Water, which could take more, and faster, was crucial. There were three key aspects of water-borne trade: the sea, the coast, and rivers. If there wasn't a river, or you weren't on the coast, you had transport problems.
The solution was to be found in canals, a man-made route in which you could mostly direct the traffic. Expensive, but if done right, a way of making large profits. The first British canal to follow a totally new route the first British canal was the Sankey Brooke Navigation, but this followed a river was the Bridgewater canal from collieries in Worsley to Manchester.
By over 33 government acts had been passed providing for canals, all in the Midlands where there were no comparative or realistic alternative means of water transport, and the boom continued. Canals became the perfect answer to regional needs. Canals allowed a greater volume of goods to be moved more precisely, and for much less, opening up new markets in terms of location and affordability. Seaports could now be connected to inland trade.
Canals allowed for the greater exploitation of coal reserves as the coal could be moved further, and sold cheaper, allowing a new market to form. Industries could now relocate to coalfields or move to towns, and the materials and products could be moved either way.
Of over canal acts from to , 90 were for coal purposes. At the time—before the railways—only canals could have coped with the swiftly rising demand for coal from industries like iron. Perhaps the most visible economic effect of canals was around Birmingham, which was now joined to the British freight transport system and grew hugely as a result.
Canals stimulated new ways of raising capital, as the majority of canals were built as joint stock companies, with each company having to apply for an act of Parliament. Once created, they could sell shares and buy land, bringing in widespread investment, not just local. Only a tenth of the funding came from the elite of wealthy industrialists, and the first modern company management structures were put in place. Capital began to flow around the constructions.
Civil engineering also advanced, and this would be fully exploited by the railways.
0コメント